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Object-Oriented Functions

Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming

Title Concept Description
Definition of Object-Oriented Programming OOP is a paradigm that uses objects and classes. Models entities using objects, promoting code reusability and structure.
Key Concepts of OOP Classes, Objects, Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism. Fundamental principles of OOP for structuring and organizing code.
Advantages of OOP in Python Reusability, Modularity, Flexibility, Maintainability. Enhances code structure, promotes efficiency, and simplifies maintenance.

Classes and Objects

Defining Classes in Python

Title Concept Code
Syntax for Class Definition Use the class keyword to define a class. 
class ClassName:
    # Class attributes and methods
Attributes and Methods Variables and functions within a class. 
class Dog:
    def init(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

Creating Objects

Title Concept Code
Instantiating Objects Creating instances of a class. 
dog1 = Dog("Buddy", 3)
Object Initialization Setting initial values for object attributes. 
class Car:
    def init(self, color):
        self.color = color

Class Constructors and Destructors

Title Concept Code
__init__() Method Constructor method for object initialization. 
def init(self, param1, param2):
    self.param1 = param1
    self.param2 = param2
__del__() Method Destructor method for object cleanup. 
def del(self):
    print("Object destroyed")

Inheritance and Polymorphism

Understanding Inheritance

Title Concept Code
Base Class and Derived Class Establishing relationships between classes. 
class ParentClass:
    # Base class definition
class ChildClass(ParentClass):
    # Derived class from ParentClass
Types of Inheritance Single, Multiple, Multilevel, Hierarchical.

Implementing Inheritance in Python

Title Concept Code
Syntax for Inheritance Extending base classes to create subclasses. 
class BaseClass:
    pass
class SubClass(BaseClass):
    pass
Method Overriding Customizing behaviors of inherited methods. 
class Base:
    def show(self):
        print("Base class method")
class Sub(Base):
    def show(self):
        print("Sub class method")

Polymorphism in Python

Title Concept Code
Polymorphic Functions Treating objects of different classes as same type. 
def sound(animal):
    animal.make_sound()
Operator Overloading Redefining operators for custom object behavior.

Encapsulation and Abstraction

Encapsulation in OOP

Title Concept Code
Definition of Encapsulation Restricting access to class members.
Access Modifiers in Python Controlling visibility of class attributes. 
class MyClass:
    def init(self):
        self.__private_var = 10
        self._protected_var = 20

Abstraction Concepts

Title Concept Code
Abstract Classes Classes that cannot be instantiated directly. 
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
class AbstractClass(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def abstract_method(self):
        pass

Instance and Class Variables

Instance Variables

Title Concept Code
Definition and Scope Unique to each object instance. 
self.attribute = value
Accessing Instance Data Retrieving values specific to an object. 
print(object.attribute)

Class Variables

Title Concept Code
Shared Class Variables Attributes shared among all instances of a class. 
class MyClass:
    class_variable = value
Modifying Class Variables Updating shared values across all objects. 
MyClass.class_variable = new_value

By mastering these concepts and techniques, you can effectively utilize object-oriented functions in Python to create scalable, efficient, and maintainable code structures.